Let’s dive deeper into Intervals and figure out what the scales are. Scales are a selection of notes, out of the chromatic scale (12 notes). They are constructed using steps.

The Harmonic Minor scale is known for its exotic and somewhat mysterious sound. It features a distinctive raised seventh note, which creates a unique tension and resolution. This scale is often used in classical, jazz, and metal music to add a dramatic and intense quality to compositions.

Composers and musicians use the Harmonic Minor scale to craft melodies that are both haunting and compelling. Its unique structure allows for the creation of intricate and memorable musical phrases. This scale is also a staple in many traditional music styles from around the world, adding an authentic and culturally rich element to the music.

In terms of harmony, the Harmonic Minor scale enables the formation of chords that have a distinctive and powerful sound. These chords can be used to create tension and drama within a piece, making it more engaging and emotionally impactful. Whether you're writing a classical symphony or a modern metal track, the Harmonic Minor scale offers a wealth of creative possibilities.

The relative steps of the harmonic minor scale are: w-h-w-w-h-wh-h (w=whole step, h=half step, w=whole and half step).
Let’s explore how that exactly works:

What does diatonic mean?

The term "diatonic" refers to a scale that uses a mix of whole steps and half steps. When we say "diatonic," we mean notes that belong to the scale. For example, if you're playing in the key of F♯ major and using F♯ major notes, those notes are diatonic.

In the piano example above, you saw that only the notes from the scale are used. This means they only include notes "of the scale." Knowing about diatonic notes is important for understanding music theory and making melodies that sound good.

Using diatonic notes helps musicians keep their music in key, making it sound smooth and pleasant. Understanding diatonic notes will improve your musical skills and creativity.

Back to the mandolin! You might wonder how this all translates back to your instrument and that might be a bit confusing at first, but please stay tuned. As you just seen, the chromatic intervals for harmonic minor scale are {1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12}. To most people, this is not very useful information. The diatonic steps 1, 2, ♭3, 4, 5, ♭6, 7 are more important to know. Try to learn see the difference between those and learn that by heart. From there it is way more interesting and practical to look at diatonic scale intervals.

Switch between chromatic/diatonic/notes below to see/learn the relations between them. For convenience, the root note (F♯) is highlighted.

As you might notice, the scales have 7 notes, except for the blues and pentatonic scales.